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| Scholarly (peer-reviewed, academic) | Authoritative | Popular | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Audience | other scholars/researchers | everyone | everyone |
| Vocabulary | specialized language of the field, "jargon" | professional language | common language |
| Structure | very structured (abstract, intro, methods, conclusion, bibliography) | can be structured for clarity | more story-like, shorter with minimal headings |
| Sources | many sources in the bibliography | sometimes includes a few sources or footnotes | no bibliography |
| Review | blind reviewed by other scholars | fact checked by the organization | sometimes reviewed by an editor |
| Examples | Ethnic and Racial Studies; Gender & Society; International Migration Review; American Journal of Public Health; Latin American Perspectives | Government Publications, World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | Time; Yahoo; Newsweek; Business Week; US News & World Report; New York Times; Christian Science Monitor |
| Author(s) | scholar(s) | experts or reputable organizations | non-experts or journalists |
